Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides are simple sugars with one unit, disaccharides have two units joined by a glycosidic bond, and polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharide units.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for a triglyceride (triacylglycerol)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C$$_{55}$$H_{98}O_6$}$$

Question 3

How does the degree of saturation in fatty acids affect their physical properties at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature due to straight chains, while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid because of kinks caused by double bonds.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 5

A mutation causes a change in a protein’s three-dimensional shape. Which type of bond is most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Disulfide bridge

Question 6

Which statement best explains the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 8

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell, causing it to become turgid.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy, often in the form of ATP.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP through cellular respiration

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$$

Question 12

During which stage of cellular respiration is the maximum amount of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 13

Which of the following is a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 14

Which process describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 15

Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and sorting proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 17

Which of the following is true about feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an earlier enzyme, regulating the pathway.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of peripheral proteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support and help anchor the membrane to the cytoskeleton.

Question 19

Which of the following is a spontaneous reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction with a negative change in free energy ($$\Delta G \u003c 0)$$

Question 20

Which of the following is the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

General Biology: Biomolecules, Cell Structure, Membranes, Enzymes, and Cellular Respiration Study Guide

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