Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for sorting proteins targeted for extracellular secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 2

During glycolysis, substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed?

Accepted Answer

38%

Question 3

Which enzyme in glycolysis uses ATP to break glucose into two G3P (glycerol-3-phosphate) molecules?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Question 4

A molecule that has been phosphorylated:

Accepted Answer

has increased chemical reactivity; it is primed to do cellular work.

Question 5

Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures?

Accepted Answer

The double bonds form a kink in the fatty acid tail, forcing adjacent lipids to be further apart.

Question 6

Which of the following functions is most important for the glycoproteins and glycolipids of animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Cell-to-cell recognition

Question 7

Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.

Question 8

ATP generally energizes a cellular process by:

Accepted Answer

coupling the energy released by ATP hydrolysis to free energy needed by other reactions.

Question 9

When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a hydrogen ion) during cellular respiration, the molecule becomes:

Accepted Answer

reduced.

Question 10

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?

Accepted Answer

accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

Question 11

In addition to 2 ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

NADH and pyruvate

Question 12

Starting with 1 Acetyl CoA entering the Kreb's cycle, how many of the following would be produced after 2 turns of the citric acid (Kreb's) cycle (1 per Acetyl CoA)?

Accepted Answer

4 ATP, 6 CO$$_2$$, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH$$_2$$

Question 13

The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to:

Accepted Answer

act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water

Question 14

Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to _____ and in this step regenerate _____

Accepted Answer

lactate; NAD$

Question 15

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

64

Question 16

Which of the following processes occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Calvin cycle

Question 17

According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane.

Question 18

Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following?

Accepted Answer

competitive inhibition

Question 19

How does a non-competitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction?

Accepted Answer

by binding to an allosteric site on an enzyme and distorting the shape of the active site

General Biology: Cell Structure, Membrane Function, Enzymes, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis Study Guide

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