$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotic cells can grow and divide more rapidly than eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing for faster nutrient exchange.

Question 2

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which process will most likely occur, and what is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell by osmosis, causing the cell to shrink and undergo plasmolysis.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the summary of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 4

Which statement best describes the function of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

Question 5

A mutation causes the Na+/K+ pump in a neuron to malfunction. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The neuron will lose its membrane potential, impairing nerve signal transmission.

Question 6

Which of the following is a major difference between animal and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a cell wall composed of cellulose, while animal cells lack a cell wall.

Question 7

Which process is responsible for the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood in human lungs?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion across the plasma membrane.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy by transferring a phosphate group to other molecules.

Question 9

Which statement about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

The membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that can move laterally.

Question 10

Which of the following reactions is exergonic?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and $$ \mathrm{P_i} $$

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a large number of ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Production and secretion of proteins.

Question 12

Which equation represents the summary of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$ 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} $$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of RuBP in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

RuBP combines with CO$$_2 to $$initiate carbon fixation.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about C3 and C4 plants is correct?

Accepted Answer

C4 plants minimize photorespiration by spatially separating carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and facilitating intracellular transport.

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs oxidative phosphorylation. Which symptom is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ATP production leading to muscle weakness and fatigue.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, while cellular respiration releases energy from glucose.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why leaves appear green?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue wavelengths and reflects green light.

General Biology: Cell Structure, Metabolism, and Photosynthesis Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions