$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics as it applies to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy is transferred and transformed, but the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant.

Question 2

During cellular respiration, which chemical equation correctly represents the overall process?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP releases energy when the terminal phosphate bond is broken by hydrolysis.

Question 4

Which process is responsible for the majority of ATP production during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain

Question 5

A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme will most likely:

Accepted Answer

Bind to the active site and prevent substrate binding

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of protons during the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Protons are moved from the matrix to the intermembrane space.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes provide a surface for reactants to bind and stabilize the transition state.

Question 8

During glycolysis, which molecule acts as the electron acceptor, allowing glycolysis to continue under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

NAD+

Question 9

Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in food.

Question 10

In the Calvin Cycle, for every three molecules of CO$$_2$$ that enter, how many molecules of G3P are produced and how many are recycled?

Accepted Answer

One G3P produced, five G3P recycled

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits the first enzyme in the pathway.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about electron carriers in cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

NADH and FADH$$_2$$ donate electrons to the electron transport chain and become oxidized.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of compartmentalization within the cell?

Accepted Answer

It enables different metabolic processes to occur simultaneously in separate environments.

Question 14

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the green color of plants and is essential for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of electrons during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are transferred from water to NADP$$^+$$, forming NADPH.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes paracrine signaling?

Accepted Answer

A cell releases a signal that affects nearby cells in the local environment.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the three stages of cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Reception, transduction, response

Question 18

If a ligand is hydrophobic, where is its receptor most likely to be found?

Accepted Answer

Inside the cell, in the cytoplasm or nucleus

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl CoA combines with a 4-carbon molecule to form citrate.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of enzyme denaturation?

Accepted Answer

The secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures are affected, but the primary structure remains intact.

General Biology: Cellular Energetics, Photosynthesis, and Cell Signaling Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions