Question 1

Which property of water allows insects, such as water striders, to walk on its surface without sinking?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why water is a polar covalent molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing unequal sharing of electrons

Question 3

A buffer system in human blood helps maintain pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases. Which of the following is a physiological buffer found in blood?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate ($$\mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^-})$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds in water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 6

Which type of bond is responsible for the secondary structure of proteins, such as alpha helices and beta sheets?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 7

Which carbohydrate is the main storage form of energy in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 8

What is the main difference between dehydration and hydrolysis reactions in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions remove water to form bonds, hydrolysis adds water to break bonds

Question 9

Which of the following is true about the structure of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of beta-glucose monomers linked by $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 10

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 11

Which functional group is most likely to act as a base and accept protons in a biological molecule?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-\mathrm{NH_2$})$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded

Question 13

Which experiment helped determine that DNA is the genetic material in cells?

Accepted Answer

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's experiment

Question 14

According to Chargaff's rule, which of the following is true for a double-stranded DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

The amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules require more energy to break

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about peptide bonds?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bonds form between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another

Question 17

Which of the following would increase the melting temperature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the proportion of guanine-cytosine base pairs

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of the importance of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Cooking an egg causes the proteins to unfold and solidify

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the directionality of DNA and RNA strands?

Accepted Answer

Both DNA and RNA are synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of starch?

Accepted Answer

Starch is composed of alpha-glucose monomers linked by $$\alpha-1$$,4 and $$\alpha-1$$,6 glycosidic bonds

General Biology: Chemical Foundations, Macromolecules, and Nucleic Acids Study Guide

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