Question 1

Which of the following best describes an emergent property in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A property that arises from the interaction of individual components, resulting in new characteristics at higher levels of organization.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule $\rightarrow$ Cell $\rightarrow$ Organism $\rightarrow$ Biosphere

Question 3

A scientist wants to test the effect of light intensity on plant growth. Which is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Light intensity

Question 4

Which statement best distinguishes a hypothesis from a theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable prediction, while a theory is a well-supported explanation based on evidence.

Question 5

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 6

What is the valence electron configuration for carbon ($Z=6$)?

Accepted Answer

$1s^2\ 2s^2\ 2p^2$

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 8

Water has a high specific heat. Which property of water molecules is primarily responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water due to the hydrogen-bonded lattice structure.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids with the release of $H_2O$

Question 11

Which statement correctly compares saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 12

Which level of protein structure is directly affected by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 13

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 14

Which part of the cell membrane is hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

The fatty acid tails of phospholipids

Question 15

A cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. What type of solution is it in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 16

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 17

Which organelle is present in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 18

According to the endosymbiont theory, which organelle originated from a symbiotic relationship between primitive eukaryotic cells and prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins and lipids moving laterally within the bilayer

Question 20

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will lose water and shrink (crenate).

General Biology: Core Concepts and Foundations Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions