Q: A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

$$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-4}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific method as it is applied in biology?

Accepted Answer

A cyclical process involving observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and revision based on evidence.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the five unifying themes of biology?

Accepted Answer

Gravity

Question 3

A scientist is studying the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. She keeps all variables constant except temperature. In this experiment, temperature is:

Accepted Answer

An independent variable

Question 4

Which property of water is primarily responsible for its ability to moderate Earth's climate?

Accepted Answer

Its high specific heat capacity

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water because hydrogen bonds keep water molecules farther apart in the solid state.

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about carbon is TRUE and explains its importance in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds allows for a diversity of stable, complex molecules.

Question 8

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group $$(-COOH)$$

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Which type of biological molecule is the enzyme lactase responsible for breaking down?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why proteins can perform so many different functions in cells?

Accepted Answer

The sequence and structure of amino acids in proteins allow for a wide variety of shapes and functions.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 13

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will gain water and become turgid.

Question 14

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins and lipids moving laterally within the bilayer.

Question 16

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 17

A cell is observed to engulf large particles by wrapping its membrane around them and forming a vesicle. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to the reactions they catalyze?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the enzyme's active site matches only specific substrates.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 20

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

The cell would accumulate undigested waste and damaged organelles.

General Biology: Core Concepts and Learning Objectives (Chapters 1–7)

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