Question 1

Which of the following molecules will most easily cross a plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A nonpolar small molecule

Question 2

In which of the following compartments of eukaryotic cells would you NOT expect to find nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 3

Which of the following is present in eukaryotic cells but NOT in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Internal membrane-bound compartments

Question 4

If a cell is making a protein that is then going to be modified and packaged for export out of the cell, what is the order of structures it will most likely pass through?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER; vesicle; Golgi apparatus; vesicle

Question 5

The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer. Phospholipids are ________. They have ________ heads and ________ tails. This allows ________ to diffuse through the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

Amphipathic; polar; non-polar; small non-polar molecules

Question 6

A lysosomal enzyme has escaped the organelle and is floating around the cytoplasm. The pH of the cytoplasm will destroy which level(s) of enzyme structure?

Accepted Answer

Both B and C

Question 7

Refer to the figure showing structures of amino acids. If these four amino acids are present in a transmembrane protein, which is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Serine and asparagine could be part of a hydrophilic cytoplasmic region while phenylalanine and leucine could be in contact with the hydrophobic core of the membrane.

Question 8

Consider the images of biomolecules 1-4. Which of the following sequences (from left to right) corresponds to a lipid, an amino acid, a carbohydrate, a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

1, 4, 2, 3

Question 9

The light reactions of photosynthesis take place in the _______, ATP is produced from a gradient of protons transferred to the _______, and carbon fixation takes place in the _______.

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane; thylakoid interior lumen; stroma

Question 10

During the electron transport chain of cellular respiration, energy is used to pump $$\mathrm{H}^+$$ into which location in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial intermembrane space

Question 11

In aerobic respiration, ________ accepts electrons at the very end of the respiratory electron transport chain, while in photosynthesis, ________ accepts electrons at the end of the light reaction.

Accepted Answer

Oxygen, NADP$$^+$$

Question 12

What photosynthetic process most directly generates oxygen ($$\mathrm{O}_2$$)?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation of water by Photosystem II (P680) chlorophyll in non-cyclic electron transport.

Question 13

If you wanted to permanently block the function of an enzyme, you could...

Accepted Answer

Add a molecule that can covalently bind to the active site.

Question 14

A kinase inhibits an enzyme, while a phosphatase activates it. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The kinase adds a phosphate group to an allosteric site on the enzyme that inhibits the enzyme's catalytic activity; the phosphatase removes the phosphate group and releases this inhibition.

Question 15

A non-conservative missense mutation in the active site of adenylyl cyclase would most likely ________ glycogen catabolism.

Accepted Answer

Decrease

Question 16

The image on the right depicts a single dividing cell from a diploid organism with $$2n=6$$ chromosomes. Based on this information, the cell is in metaphase of...

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I

Question 17

The four daughter cells that result from meiotic division differ from one another in their exact genetic content as a result of...

Accepted Answer

Both A and B

Question 18

Lactose intolerance is an autosomal recessive trait. A woman who can digest lactose marries a man who also digests lactose. They have 4 children, 1 son and 1 daughter who can digest lactose and 2 daughters who are lactose intolerant. Based on this family, you can infer...

Accepted Answer

Both A and B

Question 19

In cats, black coat color is dominant to white coat color. A white female cat and a black male cat mate and have eight kittens—2 black females, 2 black males, 2 white females, 2 white males. From the information provided, you can infer that...

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 20

Yellow Labrador retriever dogs are homozygous for a recessive allele, $$e$$, that prevents pigment from being deposited in their hair. A different locus with alleles $$B ($$for black) and $$b ($$for brown) determines pigment color. A yellow lab that is heterozygous at the coat color locus is mated to a chocolate lab with the genotype $$bbEe. $$Assuming independent assortment occurs, what is the expected phenotypic ratio for coat color among their pups?

Accepted Answer

1/2 yellow, 1/4 black, 1/4 chocolate

General Biology: Core Concepts and Practice Questions

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