Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, resulting in unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 2

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. Which of the following best describes the group that does not receive the fertilizer?

Accepted Answer

Control group

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes lack a nucleus.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the polar nature of water and its ability to form hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

The partial positive charge on hydrogen and partial negative charge on oxygen enable hydrogen bonding.

Question 5

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $1 	imes 10^{-5}$ M. What is the pH of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$5$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why buffers are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain a stable pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 8

Which property of water allows it to moderate temperature in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 9

A molecule of glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) is classified as which type of macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why polymers are more advantageous than monomers for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are more stable and can encode more complex information.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with acidosis. Which of the following best describes the pH of their blood?

Accepted Answer

The pH is below 7.35.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions among side chains.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are well-suited to form biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis reactions?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis breaks polymers by adding water, while dehydration synthesis joins monomers by removing water.

Question 18

A protein is exposed to high heat and loses its function. Which process has most likely occurred?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a specific shape that fits only certain substrates.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

General Biology: Core Concepts and Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards