Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the most common elements in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ($Ca$)

Question 3

A scientist is studying the movement of water across a cell membrane. She observes that water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. What process is she observing?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and lipids move freely within the membrane, creating a dynamic and flexible structure.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 8

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up chemical reactions.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct chemical structure of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A molecule consisting of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups ($ATP = Adenine + Ribose + 3 \; Phosphate$)

Question 10

During cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($O_2$)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Question 12

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are isotonic to their blood plasma. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will remain unchanged.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Krebs cycle → Electron transport chain

Question 14

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses transport proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules and cellular debris

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the passive transport of water molecules.

Question 17

Which of the following is a product of fermentation in human muscle cells under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, using ATP.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of an amphipathic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Question 20

A researcher adds a chemical to a solution that increases the entropy of the system. According to the second law of thermodynamics, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The system will become more disordered.

General Biology: Core Concepts and Study Guide

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