Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of emergent properties in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A population of fish displaying schooling behavior that cannot be predicted by studying individual fish alone.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven properties common to all life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 3

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, the other does not. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Application of fertilizer

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the formation of a water molecule from its elements?

Accepted Answer

$2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 6

Which chemical bond is formed when two atoms share electrons equally?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between quantitative and qualitative data?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative data is numerical, while qualitative data is descriptive.

Question 8

Which of the following elements makes up approximately 96% of living matter?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen

Question 9

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $[H^+]$ in the solution?

Accepted Answer

$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10^{-4}$ M

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why carbon is so important to life’s molecular diversity?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for a variety of stable structures.

Question 11

Which functional group is found in both amino acids and proteins and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($-COOH$)

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the structure of phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have two hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 14

Which microscope would be best for viewing the detailed internal structure of a chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and lipids can move laterally within the membrane.

Question 16

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the function of tight junctions in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the leakage of extracellular fluid between cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Analysis → Conclusion

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a well-tested explanation supported by evidence, while a hypothesis is a testable prediction.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are considered less healthy than unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats tend to increase cholesterol levels and are solid at room temperature.

General Biology: Core Concepts and Study Guide

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