Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for determining the atomic mass of an element?

$$\text{Atomic mass} = \text{number of protons} + \text{number of neutrons}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered a fundamental characteristic of life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to replicate only with the aid of a host cell

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain type of bacteria can survive in extremely acidic environments. She proposes that these bacteria have special proteins that protect them from acid damage. What is her proposal an example of?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable statement; a prediction is the expected outcome if the hypothesis is correct.

Question 4

In an experiment testing the effect of a new drug on cell viability, which of the following is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The viability of the cells after treatment

Question 5

Which of the following statements about Louis Pasteur’s experiment is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It supported the hypothesis that cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 6

Which of the following is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 7

A student is designing an experiment to test the effect of sunlight on plant growth. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The amount of sunlight each plant receives

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a control in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

A factor that is held constant throughout the experiment

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct formula for determining the atomic mass of an element?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic mass} = 	ext{number of protons} + 	ext{number of neutrons}$$

Question 10

Given the following atomic numbers: Oxygen = 8, Nitrogen = 7, Hydrogen = 1. Which of the following correctly orders these elements from most to least electronegative?

Accepted Answer

O \u003e N \u003e H

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why water molecules are polar?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, resulting in an unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 12

Which type of bond is formed between two atoms that share electrons equally?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 13

A researcher is testing a new fertilizer on plant growth. She finds that the plants with fertilizer grow taller, but she also notices that these plants receive more sunlight than the control group. What is the most likely source of error in her experiment?

Accepted Answer

She did not control for all variables except the one being tested.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of DNA in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It stores hereditary information.

Question 15

Which of the following is the best graph type to use when comparing the means of two groups with continuous data?

Accepted Answer

Bar chart (standard, clustered, or stacked)

Question 16

If a carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons, what is its atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a well-supported explanation that can generate multiple hypotheses.

Question 18

Which of the following is the best example of a dependent variable in a controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

The number of bacterial colonies formed after antibiotic treatment

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a virus is not considered alive?

Accepted Answer

It cannot replicate without a host cell and does not acquire energy on its own.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of a control group in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a baseline for comparison to the experimental group.

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