Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes living organisms from nonliving things?

Accepted Answer

Living organisms exhibit metabolism, growth, and response to stimuli, while nonliving things do not.

Question 2

A scientist observes that a certain plant grows faster when exposed to blue light compared to red light. Which step of the scientific method does this observation represent?

Accepted Answer

Making an observation

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a well-designed controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

Testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth by giving all plants the same amount of water and sunlight, but only some receive fertilizer.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the relationship between hypothesis and prediction in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable explanation, while a prediction is a specific outcome expected if the hypothesis is correct.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct order of the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Cell, tissue, organ, organism, ecosystem

Question 6

Which of the following statements about covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, and hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between polar molecules.

Question 7

Given the following chemical reaction: $$2H_2 + O_2$ \rightarrow 2H_2O$$, which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2 is $$oxidized and $$O_2 is $$reduced.

Question 8

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances?

Accepted Answer

Polarity

Question 9

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 10

Which of the following functional groups is found in amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 11

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis builds polymers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks polymers by adding water.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of chemical reactions.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein and amino acid

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds, allowing their molecules to pack closely together.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and transfers energy for cellular processes.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of enzymes on exergonic and endergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy for both exergonic and endergonic reactions.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a hydrophobic interaction?

Accepted Answer

Oil droplets clumping together in water

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules requires more energy to change temperature.

General Biology: Core Themes and Concepts (Ch. 1–5) Study Guide

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