Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete non-hormonal substances into ducts, while endocrine glands release hormones into surrounding tissues.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing rapid muscle contractions in response to a sudden stimulus. Which system is primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Nervous system, because it uses electrical signals for rapid responses.

Question 3

Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of muscle, bone, and other tissues?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 4

Which of the following is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 5

A patient with a deficiency in vitamin B12 is most likely to develop which type of anemia?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 6

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts and increasing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why amino acid-based hormones cannot cross the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are water-soluble and cannot pass through the hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer.

Question 8

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 9

A patient has abnormally high levels of cortisol. Which gland is most likely overactive?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal cortex

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of erythropoietin?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

Question 11

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output.

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = Diastolic\ Pressure + \frac{1}{3} (Systolic\ Pressure - Diastolic\ Pressure)$$

Question 14

A patient with sickle cell anemia has a mutation in which component of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Beta globin chain

Question 15

Which hormone is released by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the hormone thyroxine (T4)?

Accepted Answer

Regulates metabolic rate and temperature.

Question 17

Which of the following blood components is responsible for clotting?

Accepted Answer

Platelets

Question 18

A patient is experiencing increased heart rate and blood pressure due to stress. Which hormones are most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

Defend the body against infection and disease.

Question 20

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of milk from the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

General Biology: Endocrine System, Blood, and Related Physiology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions