Question 1

Which of the following best describes a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Fungi

Question 3

A scientist is studying the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, the other does not. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The type of fertilizer used

Question 4

Which of the following statements about valence electrons is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons determine the chemical reactivity of an atom.

Question 5

Which chemical bond is formed when two atoms share electrons equally?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 6

Given the following reaction: $2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O$, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen and oxygen are reactants; water is the product.

Question 7

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many substances, making it an excellent solvent?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity

Question 8

A buffer in a biological system helps to:

Accepted Answer

Maintain a stable pH by absorbing excess H$^+$ or OH$^-$ ions.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a hydrophobic molecule?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 11

Which statement about chemical equilibrium is correct?

Accepted Answer

At equilibrium, the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule found in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 13

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the methyl group ($-CH_3$) in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

It is nonpolar and often serves as a tag for identification.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an emergent property of water?

Accepted Answer

Its high surface tension due to hydrogen bonding.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about isomers is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structures.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why carbon is so important in living systems?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for complex molecules.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about denaturation of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation disrupts the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures but not the primary structure.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a genome?

Accepted Answer

A genome is the complete set of genetic material in an organism.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct application of Darwin's theory of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

General Biology Exam 1: Comprehensive Study Guide

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