Question 1

Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment in biology?

Accepted Answer

An experiment where all variables are kept constant except for one that is being tested.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the major themes of life discussed in Chapter 1?

Accepted Answer

Gravity

Question 3

If an atom has 16 protons, how many electrons would it have if it is neutral?

Accepted Answer

$$16$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 5

A solution has a pH of $$5. $$Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a higher concentration of $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions than a solution with pH $$7.$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein: Amino Acid

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water while their hydrophobic tails avoid water.

Question 9

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP generation in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 10

A scientist discovers a new molecule that is highly hydrophobic. Which part of a cell membrane would this molecule most likely associate with?

Accepted Answer

The interior of the phospholipid bilayer

Question 11

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 12

Which process is responsible for linking amino acids together to form a polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 14

A mutation causes a protein to lose its tertiary structure but retain its primary and secondary structures. Which of the following is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Interactions between R-groups of amino acids

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, packaging, and shipping of proteins

Question 16

Which of the following statements about isomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structures.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the structure of ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP contains three phosphate groups attached to adenosine.

Question 19

Which of the following organelles is found in plant cells but not animal cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 20

A protein is synthesized in the rough ER and then exported out of the cell. Which is the correct order of organelles it passes through?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi apparatus $$\rightarrow$$ Cell membrane

General Biology Exam 1 Review: Core Concepts and Cellular Foundations

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