Q: A solution has a pH of 3. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

$$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-3}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment in biology?

Accepted Answer

An experiment in which all variables are kept constant except for one that is being tested.

Question 2

A scientist is studying the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The presence or absence of fertilizer.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly lists the hierarchy of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule $$\rightarrow$$ Cell $$\rightarrow$$ Organism $$\rightarrow$$ Ecosystem $$\rightarrow$$ Biosphere

Question 4

Sulfur ($$S) $$has an atomic number of 16. How many electrons are in the first, second, and third shells, respectively, for a neutral sulfur atom?

Accepted Answer

2 in the first, 8 in the second, 6 in the third

Question 5

Which of the following statements about covalent bonds is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 6

Water has a high specific heat capacity. Which property of water molecules is primarily responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 3. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-3}$$ \ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an isomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein: Amino acid

Question 10

Which type of bond links monosaccharides together in a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 11

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why hydrocarbons are hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

Because the bonds are nonpolar

Question 13

A protein is found to have a quaternary structure. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

It consists of more than one polypeptide chain.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It carries energy for the cell in the form of its phosphate groups.

Question 15

Which of the following organelles is responsible for ATP generation and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

A cell is observed to have ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of these ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export out of the cell

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid in a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails

Question 18

Which of the following is evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic ancestors?

Accepted Answer

They have their own DNA and can reproduce independently within the cell.

Question 19

A mutation causes a protein to be synthesized without a signal sequence. What is the most likely consequence for the protein's location?

Accepted Answer

It will remain in the cytosol rather than being exported or targeted to an organelle.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the shape of a molecule is important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The shape determines how the molecule interacts with other molecules, affecting its biological activity.

General Biology Exam 1 Review: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, and Cell Structure

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