Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Structure determines function because the shape and chemical properties of a molecule enable specific interactions.

Question 2

A scientist is testing the effect of pH on enzyme activity. She keeps temperature and substrate concentration constant. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

pH

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

The oxygen atom has a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atoms have partial positive charges.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

Joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide and releasing a molecule of water.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A testable statement that explains an observation or answers a question.

Question 6

Which of the following bonds is responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between the backbone atoms of the polypeptide chain.

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Which type of macromolecule and enzyme are involved in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate; lactase

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why repeatability is important in scientific experiments?

Accepted Answer

It ensures that results are reliable and not due to random chance.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 11

A molecule of water (H$_2$O) can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Which property of water does this explain?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein: amino acid

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are important in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward.

Question 15

A student mixes hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in water. Which type of chemical reaction occurs?

Accepted Answer

Neutralization reaction

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and transfers energy for cellular processes.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the four primary chemical elements found in life?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up the majority of living matter.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the significance of hydrothermal vents in the origin of life hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

They provide energy and chemical gradients that could drive the formation of organic molecules.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of a polysaccharide and its function?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose: structural support in plant cell walls

General Biology Exam 1 Study Guide: Core Concepts and Review

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards