Q: Which equation correctly represents Fick's Law of Diffusion for the rate of diffusion ($R$) across a membrane?

$R = D \times A \times \frac{\Delta C}{d}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable explanation for an observation, while a prediction is a specific expected outcome if the hypothesis is correct.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four characteristics shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Contain mitochondria

Question 3

A researcher wants to test the effect of a new drug on blood glucose levels. Which of the following is the best example of an independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The amount of drug administered to each subject

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents Fick's Law of Diffusion for the rate of diffusion ($R$) across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$R = D 	imes A 	imes \frac{\Delta C}{d}$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why microvilli are important in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients.

Question 6

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell due to osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of tight junctions in epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Prevent leakage of substances between cells

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the role of the Na-K ATPase pump in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It creates an ion gradient by actively transporting sodium out and potassium into the cell using ATP.

Question 11

A patient is unable to absorb fats efficiently in the small intestine. Which structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lacteals

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of carrier proteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the movement of specific molecules across the membrane, often by changing shape.

Question 14

In the Miller experiment, what was the main conclusion regarding the origin of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Organic molecules can form spontaneously under conditions simulating early Earth.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct application of the concept of selective permeability in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Only water and small nonpolar molecules can pass through the lipid bilayer without assistance.

Question 16

A scientist measures the rate of glucose absorption in the small intestine and finds it increases when the number of microvilli increases. Which variable is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Rate of glucose absorption

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of peristalsis in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

The rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle to move food along the tract

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.

Question 19

A cell is placed in a solution with a solute concentration of 0.2 M. The cytoplasm of the cell has a solute concentration of 0.5 M. What type of solution is the cell in, and what will happen?

Accepted Answer

The cell is in a hypotonic solution; water will enter the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water, while their hydrophobic tails avoid water.

General Biology Exam 1 Study Guide: Scientific Method, Digestion, Membranes, and Cells

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