Q: Which of the following equations correctly calculates the atomic number of an atom?

$\text{Atomic number} = \text{Number of protons}$

Q: Which equation correctly determines the charge of an ion?

$\text{Charge} = \text{Number of protons} - \text{Number of electrons}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a control group and a confounding variable in a clinical trial?

Accepted Answer

A control group is used to compare against the experimental group, while a confounding variable is an unintended factor that may affect the outcome.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?

Accepted Answer

Ability to undergo mitosis

Question 3

A scientist is testing the effect of a new drug on blood pressure. She randomly assigns participants to receive either the drug or a placebo, and neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives which treatment. What type of experimental design is this?

Accepted Answer

Double-blind experiment

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly calculates the atomic number of an atom?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Atomic number} = 	ext{Number of protons}$

Question 5

A solution has a higher concentration of solute outside the cell than inside. What type of solution is this, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; the cell will shrink

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have straight chains that pack tightly together, while unsaturated fatty acids have kinks due to double bonds.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 8

During glycolysis, how many net ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$2$

Question 9

Which of the following cell types is most likely to be found lining the air sacs of the lungs, allowing for rapid gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelial cells

Question 10

A patient has a burn that affects both the epidermis and the entire dermis. Which type of burn does this patient have?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer that creates a selective barrier between the cell and its environment.

Question 12

Which equation correctly determines the charge of an ion?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Charge} = 	ext{Number of protons} - 	ext{Number of electrons}$

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atom, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of negative feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of insulin to lower blood glucose after a meal

Question 17

Which of the following statements about DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double helix composed of nucleotides.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They prevent leakage of substances between cells.

Question 19

A cell has a surface area of $6\ 	ext{cm}^2$ and a volume of $1\ 	ext{cm}^3$. What is its surface-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$6$

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It anchors epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue.

General Biology Exam 1 Study Guide: Key Concepts and Terminology

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