Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells lack both.

Question 2

A population of beetles experiences a bottleneck event due to a flood. Which evolutionary effect is most likely to occur as a result?

Accepted Answer

Decreased genetic diversity due to random loss of alleles.

Question 3

Which equation is used to determine if a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic reproductive barrier?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid sterility, where offspring cannot reproduce.

Question 5

Which process is responsible for the origin of new alleles in a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 6

A scientist observes that two species of frogs live in the same pond but breed at different times of the year. What type of reproductive isolation is this?

Accepted Answer

Temporal isolation

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 8

Which evolutionary mechanism is most likely responsible for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria via plasmids?

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group of individuals establishes a new population, resulting in reduced genetic diversity.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are thought to have originated from proteobacteria, while chloroplasts originated from cyanobacteria.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of birds where individuals with intermediate beak size survive best.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct order of major evolutionary events?

Accepted Answer

Origin of life → Oxygen revolution → First eukaryotic cells → Cambrian explosion

Question 13

Which of the following is a shared derived character (synapomorphy) for mammals?

Accepted Answer

Production of milk

Question 14

Which formula would you use to calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in a population if $p$ is the frequency of the dominant allele and $q$ is the frequency of the recessive allele?

Accepted Answer

$p + q = 1$

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Humans breeding dogs for specific traits such as size or temperament.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the Miller-Urey experiment is correct?

Accepted Answer

It demonstrated that organic molecules could form spontaneously under early Earth conditions.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function performed by prokaryotes in the biosphere?

Accepted Answer

Formation of multicellular tissues

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the concept of homologous structures?

Accepted Answer

Structures that are similar due to shared ancestry, even if their functions differ.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about gene flow?

Accepted Answer

It involves the movement of alleles between populations, increasing genetic similarity.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a prezygotic barrier to reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Gametic isolation

General Biology Exam 1 Study Guide: Concepts in Evolution, Genetics, and Diversity

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