Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements that make up over 96% of living matter?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 3

A scientist is studying the effect of acidification on marine life. Which chemical reaction best represents the process of ocean acidification due to increased atmospheric $CO_2$?

Accepted Answer

$CO_2 + H_2O \rightarrow H_2CO_3$

Question 4

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice are more stable and keep water molecules farther apart, making ice less dense.

Question 6

A molecule with the formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$ is classified as which type of macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monomer and a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A polymer is a chain of monomers linked by covalent bonds.

Question 8

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($-COOH$)

Question 9

Which of the following statements about isomers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different covalent arrangements of atoms.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the structure of their DNA. Which type of biological molecule is directly involved?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of dehydration synthesis in the formation of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

It joins monomers together by removing a molecule of water.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a polymer and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid – Nucleotide

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why carbon is so important in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for a diversity of stable structures.

Question 14

A solution has a pH of 4. How many times more acidic is it than a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

1000 times

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 16

Which of the following bonds is responsible for the cohesion of water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Experiments are designed to test hypotheses.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the hydrocarbon chain.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a real-life application of isotopes in biology?

Accepted Answer

Using radioactive carbon ($^{14}C$) to date ancient fossils

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the unity and diversity of life as described by evolutionary theory?

Accepted Answer

Unity is due to shared ancestry, while diversity results from adaptations to different environments.

General Biology Exam 1 Study Guide: Core Concepts and Molecular Foundations

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