$\text{Atomic mass} = \text{Number of protons} + \text{Number of neutrons}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain their DNA within a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have their DNA in the cytoplasm.

Question 2

Which step comes first in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Making an observation

Question 3

Which of the following elements makes up the majority of living matter?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen (O)

Question 4

A water molecule is held together by which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 5

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension

Question 6

If the pH of a solution changes from 6 to 4, how does the hydrogen ion concentration change?

Accepted Answer

It increases by 100 times

Question 7

Which of the following is a result of carbon dioxide dissolving in seawater?

Accepted Answer

Ocean acidification

Question 8

Which functional group is present in all amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an isomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures

Question 10

Which of the following is the monomer (building block) of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 11

Which polymer is formed from monosaccharide monomers?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to surround and separate positive and negative ions.

Question 13

Which of the following correctly matches a polymer with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid — Nucleotide

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of ocean acidification?

Accepted Answer

Decreased availability of carbonate ions for shell-building organisms

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of dehydration synthesis in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

It forms polymers from monomers by removing a water molecule.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the atomic mass of an element?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Atomic mass} = 	ext{Number of protons} + 	ext{Number of neutrons}$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They form between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Ice has a lower density than liquid water because its hydrogen bonds create an open lattice structure.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a functional group and its role?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group — involved in energy transfer in ATP

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with acidosis. Which of the following best describes the pH of their blood?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{pH} < 7.4$

General Biology Exam 1 Study Guide: Key Concepts and Molecular Foundations

Study Guide - Practice Questions