Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monomer and a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A monomer is a single building block that can join with others to form a polymer.

Question 2

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 3

Which carbohydrate is the primary storage form of energy in plants?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 4

A scientist is analyzing a polysaccharide that is highly branched and used for energy storage in animals. Which molecule is she most likely studying?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 5

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form bilayers with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 6

Which type of bond forms between two amino acids during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 7

A mutation changes a DNA base from adenine to cytosine. Which type of bond is directly affected between the two DNA strands at this location?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids are typically liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They contain double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 11

A cell is observed to have a nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 12

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins that will be secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleotide base in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine pairs with guanine

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by humans?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the chain.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water, while hydrophilic heads interact with water.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins monomers to form polymers by removing water.

General Biology Exam 1 Study Guide: Macromolecules, Cell Structure, and Biochemical Foundations

Study Guide - Practice Questions