Question 1

Which of the following best describes how enzymes speed up chemical reactions in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed.

Question 2

Enzymes are described as 'highly specific.' What does this mean in terms of their function?

Accepted Answer

They only bind to substrates with a particular shape or chemical structure.

Question 3

Which organelles are believed to have originated through the process of endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 4

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower concentration of solutes than inside the cell. What will happen to the cell due to osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 5

Which of the following is a key difference between active and passive transport across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy input, while passive transport does not.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for producing most of the ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 8

During cellular respiration, what is the primary role of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

To serve as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Question 9

If oxygen is not available, how do animal cells continue to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

By switching to fermentation, producing lactic acid

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is energy of motion, while potential energy is stored energy.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by animal, plant, and bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Question 12

Which process is responsible for moving molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 13

Which of the following is a major output of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 14

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells and is essential for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are regulated in cells?

Accepted Answer

To control metabolic pathways and prevent wasteful or harmful reactions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a subcategory of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + energy$

Question 18

Which of the following is a major role of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and sorting

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ETC uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to create a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the result of producing ATP without oxygen in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Production of lactic acid and less ATP than aerobic respiration

General Biology Exam 2 Study Guide: Enzymes, Cells, Transport, and Metabolism

Study Guide - Practice Questions