Question 1

Which of the following best describes how enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy by physically manipulating the substrate and altering its orientation.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a molecule that binds to an enzyme's active site and prevents substrate binding, but the binding is reversible. What type of inhibition is this?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibition

Question 3

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organelles are believed to have originated from ancient prokaryotic cells engulfed by a larger cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires channel proteins, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and possibly burst because water moves into the cell.

Question 6

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why liver cells have more smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) than red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Liver cells are involved in detoxification and lipid synthesis, which are functions of the smooth ER.

Question 8

During active transport, substances move:

Accepted Answer

From low to high concentration, requiring energy input

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{sunlight} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a large number of lysosomes. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of waste materials and foreign substances

Question 11

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear pores in the nuclear membrane?

Accepted Answer

They allow the transport of proteins, mRNA, and ribosomal subunits in and out of the nucleus.

Question 13

A mutation causes a cell to lack microfilaments. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell division and contraction

Question 14

Which of the following is true about osmosis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from areas of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Support cell shape and provide mechanical strength

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are inherited maternally?

Accepted Answer

Sperm mitochondria do not contribute to the zygote during fertilization.

Question 17

Which of the following processes requires energy input in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 18

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

There will be no net movement of water; the cell remains the same size.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where ribosomal subunits are assembled.

General Biology Exam 2 Study Notes: Enzymes, Cell Structure, Membranes, and Transport

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards