Question 1

Which of the following is NOT present in a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 2

A student is examining a cell under a microscope and observes a structure that stores water and maintains turgor pressure. Which organelle is the student most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 3

Which of the following graphs best represents how an enzyme reaction rate is affected by a shift to a sub-optimal temperature?

Accepted Answer

Graph C: Peak decreases in height but position remains the same

Question 4

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of an enzyme in reaction rate?

Accepted Answer

An enzyme lowers the activation energy of the reaction

Question 5

Which of the following statements about Gibbs free energy ($$\Delta G) is $$correct for the reaction: $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G is $$negative and $$\Delta S is $$increased

Question 6

The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide ($$\mathrm{2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$}) is $$catalyzed by the enzyme catalase. Which of the following best explains how catalase increases the reaction rate?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme lowers activation energy

Question 7

What would happen to the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction if the temperature increased beyond the enzyme's optimal range?

Accepted Answer

The reaction rate would decrease due to enzyme denaturation

Question 8

A researcher is interested in calculating the standard free energy ($$\Delta G^\circ') of a $$redox reaction. Given that $$E^\circ'_{	ext{acceptor}} = 0.82 V $$and $$E^\circ'_{	ext{donor}} = -0.32 V$$, what is the value of $$\Delta G^\circ' at 25$^\circC$$? (Use $$\Delta G^\circ' = -nF\Delta E^\circ'$$, $$n=2$$, $$F=96,485 J/V$$\cdot mol)

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G^\circ' = -220.5 kJ/$$mol

Question 9

During cellular respiration, where does the maximum net production of ATP occur?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis

Question 10

Element X is introduced to the final reaction in the Krebs Cycle. What do you expect to become more abundant as a result?

Accepted Answer

NADH and CO$$_2$$

Question 11

The electron transport chain receives electrons from both NADH and FADH$$_2. $$Which of the following best describes the fate of these electrons?

Accepted Answer

They are used to reduce oxygen to water

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It uses a proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the major phases of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Citric Acid Cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Electron Transport Chain

Question 14

If the electron transport chain is inhibited, what would be the most immediate effect on cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen consumption would decrease

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the energy changes in the reaction catalyzed by Enzyme X, as shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G is $$negative and activation energy is lowered

Question 16

A biochemist damages a protein found especially in the inner mitochondrial membrane. If this protein is ATP synthase, which would you expect to occur?

Accepted Answer

ATP production would decrease and proton gradient would build up

Question 17

The shaded line in an energy profile chart peaks off the graph. In comparison, Enzyme X's line peaks much lower. What does this indicate about Enzyme X?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme X lowers activation energy

Question 18

How many NADH are produced by the ATP synthase reaction during aerobic respiration per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

0

Question 19

Refer to the figure showing the electron transport chain. If molecule X is NADH, which molecule is most likely to be found at the end of the chain?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

General Biology Exam Review: Cell Structure, Metabolism, and Energy

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