Question 1

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer during DNA replication in E. coli?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 2

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 3

If a mutation in the gene encoding DNA ligase occurred, which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Joining of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of single-strand binding proteins during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

They prevent re-annealing of separated DNA strands

Question 5

A scientist observes that after DNA replication, one strand of each DNA molecule is old and one is new. This is an example of which model of replication?

Accepted Answer

Semiconservative

Question 6

Which of the following sequences is complementary to the DNA strand $$5'	ext{-}ATGCCGTA-3'$$?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-}TACGGCAT-5'$$

Question 7

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 8

A cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 9

Which enzyme removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides during DNA replication in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase I

Question 10

If the sequence of a DNA template strand is $$3'	ext{-}TACGGTACG-5'$$, what is the sequence of the mRNA transcribed from this template?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-}AUGCCAUGC-3'$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why Okazaki fragments are formed during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing strand

Question 12

A mutation causes DNA polymerase III to lose its proofreading ability. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased rate of mutations during DNA replication

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of topoisomerase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Relieving supercoiling ahead of the replication fork

Question 14

If a eukaryotic cell is treated with a drug that inhibits microtubule formation, which stage of mitosis would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments

Question 16

A researcher introduces a mutation that prevents the formation of the mitotic spindle. Which process will be directly inhibited?

Accepted Answer

Separation of sister chromatids during anaphase

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of telomerase in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It extends the ends of linear chromosomes to prevent loss of genetic information

Question 18

If a cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will not proceed to DNA synthesis (S phase)

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct order of events during the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 → S → G2 → M

Question 20

A cell is observed to have chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate. Which phase is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

General Biology Exam Review: DNA, Cell Cycle, Replication, and Molecular Genetics

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