$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the plasma membrane in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It selectively allows certain molecules to pass while blocking others, maintaining internal conditions.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than its cytoplasm. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups, which can be released for cellular work.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, causing them to arrange with heads facing water and tails facing inward.

Question 6

A toxin inhibits the movement of hydrogen ions into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. What process is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to help molecules move down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 8

Which of the following molecules is most likely to pass through a cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O}_2)$$

Question 9

During photosynthesis, which molecule acts as the primary electron donor in the light-dependent reactions?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O})$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between active transport and passive transport across membranes?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy input, while passive transport does not.

Question 11

A plant cell is placed in distilled water. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will gain water and become turgid due to osmotic pressure.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of proteins embedded in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating transport of molecules across the membrane

Question 13

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are specific to their substrates and speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is required for efficient cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing maximum ATP production.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides and serve as energy sources and structural components.

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of increased enzyme activity in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Increased ATP production and increased cellular energy.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in plants?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used in cellular respiration to produce ATP.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about membrane transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient using energy from ATP.

General Biology Exam Study Guide: Cell Structure, Biochemistry, Membranes, Metabolism, and Photosynthesis

Study Guide - Practice Questions