Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of catabolic pathways in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the Gibbs free energy change ($$\Delta G) $$for a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 3

A reaction has $$\Delta G = -15 kJ/$$mol. What does this indicate about the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is exergonic and will occur spontaneously.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up the reaction.

Question 5

During cellular respiration, which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 6

Which process directly produces the most ATP during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

Question 7

Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 8

In the citric acid cycle, how many NADH molecules are produced per turn?

Accepted Answer

3

Question 9

Which statement best explains why fermentation is necessary in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate.

Question 11

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 12

What structure forms between two animal cells during cytokinesis to separate them?

Accepted Answer

Cleavage furrow

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between somatic cells and gametes?

Accepted Answer

Somatic cells are diploid, gametes are haploid.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

It fixes carbon dioxide to produce glucose using ATP and NADPH.

Question 15

Which molecule acts as an electron carrier in photosynthesis, accepting electrons to become reduced?

Accepted Answer

NADP+

Question 16

Which of the following is a major difference between photosynthesis and aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, aerobic respiration releases energy from glucose.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the induced fit model of enzyme function?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes shape to better fit the substrate upon binding.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of mitotic spindles during cell division?

Accepted Answer

They separate sister chromatids during anaphase.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the regulation of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

It is controlled by checkpoints that monitor DNA integrity and cell size.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the products of aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$, H$$_2O$$, and ATP

General Biology Exam Two Review: Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, Cell Division, and Photosynthesis

Study Guide - Practice Questions