Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with advantageous heritable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, increasing the frequency of those traits in the population.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Protista

Question 3

A molecule of water ($$H_2O) is $$held together by which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 4

Which statement correctly distinguishes between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct description of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It forms polymers from monomers by removing a water molecule.

Question 6

Which organelle is primarily responsible for cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 7

During photosynthesis, which equation correctly represents the overall process?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two diploid cells, while meiosis produces four haploid cells.

Question 9

In Mendel's experiments, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 10

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles contribute equally and visibly to the phenotype.

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA strands are antiparallel, running in opposite 5' to 3' directions.

Question 13

A mutation that results in the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide, altering the reading frame of a gene, is called:

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and facilitating movement

Question 15

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP + H_2O \rightarrow ADP + P_i + energy$$

Question 16

Which of the following best explains incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

The phenotype is a blend of the two alleles.

Question 17

During transcription, which enzyme synthesizes the mRNA strand from the DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the observable traits.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches its anticodon to the mRNA codon.

Question 20

If a cell undergoes meiosis, how many daughter cells are produced and what is their ploidy?

Accepted Answer

Four haploid cells

General Biology Final Exam Study Guide (Chapters 1-7, 9-10, 12-17)

Study Guide - Practice Questions