Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with heritable traits that increase survival and reproduction tend to leave more offspring.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Protista

Question 3

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $$C_{6}H$$_{12}$$O_{6}$. Which class of biological molecule does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 4

Which statement correctly distinguishes between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, leading to partial charges.

Question 5

During cellular respiration, which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_{2})$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules require more energy to break.

Question 7

A cell is observed to have a nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. To which domain of life does it most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_{2} + 6H_{2}O \rightarrow C$$_{6}$$H_{12}O$$_{6} + 6O_{2}$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two diploid cells, while meiosis produces four haploid cells.

Question 10

In Mendel's experiments, what was the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with type AB blood expresses both A and B antigens equally.

Question 12

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of polymers into monomers by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 13

A mutation changes a DNA sequence from $$ATG to$$ $$ATA. $$What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Substitution

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 15

During transcription, which strand of DNA is used as the template for mRNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The template strand

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the directionality of DNA and RNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Both DNA and RNA are synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and facilitates cell movement.

Question 18

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals ($$AaBb 	imes AaBb$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white snapdragons producing pink offspring.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the importance of understanding 5' and 3' directionality in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It ensures that DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the correct end of the growing strand.

General Biology Final Exam Study Guide (Chapters 1-7, 9-10, 12-17)

Study Guide - Practice Questions