Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of 'Unity and Diversity' in biology?

Accepted Answer

Living organisms are unified by common features such as cells and DNA, but display diversity in form and function due to evolutionary adaptations.

Question 2

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. Which of the following is the best example of a control group in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Plants that receive no fertilizer at all.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organism

Question 4

Which statement about hydrogen bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds form between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom such as oxygen or nitrogen.

Question 5

Given the atomic number ($Z$) and mass number ($A$) of an atom, which formula correctly determines the number of neutrons ($N$) in the atom?

Accepted Answer

$N = A - Z$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water has a high surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules creates a cohesive force at the surface.

Question 7

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $[H^+] = 1 	imes 10^{-4}$ M. What is the pH of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$pH = 4$

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a property of carbon that makes it essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Carbon is highly reactive and forms ionic bonds with most elements.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins monomers to form polymers by removing a molecule of water.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct example of a monomer and its corresponding polymer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide and RNA

Question 11

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats are typically liquid at room temperature due to the presence of double bonds.

Question 12

Which cell structure is primarily responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the limitation of cell size as it increases?

Accepted Answer

As cell size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases, making it harder for the cell to efficiently exchange materials with its environment.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the Law of Conservation of Matter?

Accepted Answer

The total amount of matter remains constant during a chemical reaction; it is neither created nor destroyed.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and stores genetic information; RNA is single-stranded and involved in protein synthesis.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a biological hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Plants need sunlight to grow.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 20

A protein is denatured when exposed to high heat. Which type of bond is most likely disrupted during this process?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in the secondary and tertiary structure

General Biology: Foundational Concepts and Cell Structure

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