Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 3

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. What is the control group in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The group that does not receive the fertilizer

Question 4

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage (by weight) of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen

Question 5

Given an atom with atomic number $$Z = 8$$ and atomic mass $$A = 16$$, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$8 ($$since $$A - Z = 16 - 8 = 8$$ neutrons)

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for many biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with polar molecules, allowing them to dissolve.

Question 7

Which functional group is commonly found in amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 8

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are typically solid at room temperature.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Joining monomers to form polymers by removing a water molecule

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a purine and a pyrimidine in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 11

Which statement best explains the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative data involves measurements and numbers, while qualitative data involves descriptions and characteristics.

Question 12

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of DNA in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

DNA stores genetic information and directs the synthesis of proteins.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the structure of RNA compared to DNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains ribose sugar, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.

Question 15

A protein is denatured when:

Accepted Answer

Its three-dimensional shape is disrupted, losing its function.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an emergent property in biology?

Accepted Answer

The coordinated movement of a school of fish

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct molecular formula for glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers prevent drastic changes in pH by absorbing excess H$$^+ or OH$^-$$ ions.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the scientific method is correct?

Accepted Answer

A prediction is a statement about what will happen if the hypothesis is correct.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

General Biology: Foundational Concepts and Molecular Basis of Life

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