Question 1

Which of the following best describes an amphipathic molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that possesses both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

Question 2

Which base pairing is correct according to the rules of DNA structure?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine pairs with guanine.

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Which of the following best explains why this patient experiences gastrointestinal symptoms after consuming dairy products?

Accepted Answer

Lactase deficiency prevents the breakdown of lactose into glucose and galactose, leading to fermentation by gut bacteria.

Question 4

Which of the following processes requires energy input in the form of ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

Which of the following is a polymer composed of nucleotide monomers?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Question 7

A dehydration reaction is important in the synthesis of biological macromolecules. Which of the following best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

It requires the removal of a water molecule to form a new bond between monomers.

Question 8

Which of the following is the major lipid found in the membranes of animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 9

Which of the following levels of biological organization is immediately above the organ level?

Accepted Answer

Organ system

Question 10

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are the main component of cell membranes and possess both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 11

A scientist is studying a cell that contains a nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Which type of cell is she most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic cell

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for many biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and modifying proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 14

Which of the following statements about carbon is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form a maximum of four covalent bonds.

Question 15

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than the cell's cytoplasm. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the fluid mosaic model of biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Membranes are dynamic, with proteins and lipids able to move laterally within the bilayer.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of homeostasis in humans?

Accepted Answer

The regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin and glucagon.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water while their hydrophilic heads interact with water, resulting in a bilayer structure.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between structure and function in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

The specific three-dimensional structure of a macromolecule determines its function.

General Biology: Foundations and Key Concepts – Study Guide

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