Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the levels of biological organization from atom to biosphere?

Accepted Answer

Each higher level of organization emerges from the interactions and properties of the lower levels.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct example of a control group in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

A group that is exposed to all variables except the one being tested.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Water has an uneven distribution of electrons, resulting in partial positive and negative charges.

Question 4

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. Which is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The growth of the plant measured over time.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a condensation reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two molecules are joined together and water is released.

Question 7

A triglyceride molecule is formed from which combination of molecules?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 8

Which of the following is a property shared by all lipids?

Accepted Answer

They are hydrophobic and do not mix well with water.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds between carbon atoms, causing kinks in the chain.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 11

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 5$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of a buffer system in biological fluids?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain a stable pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of a phospholipid molecule?

Accepted Answer

It has two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group attached to glycerol.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites with shapes complementary to their substrates.

Question 16

A pineapple enzyme called bromelain is used to prevent browning in fruits. If the pH of the fruit is changed from 5.0 to 11.0, what is the most likely effect on bromelain activity?

Accepted Answer

Bromelain activity will decrease because extreme pH can denature the enzyme.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Breaking a polymer into monomers by adding water.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes.

General Biology: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, and Biological Molecules

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