Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat compared to other substances?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules require more energy to break.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new organism that is unicellular, lacks a nucleus, and thrives in extremely hot environments. Based on these characteristics, to which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have different numbers of neutrons.

Question 4

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group $$\left( -\mathrm{COOH} \right)$$

Question 5

A molecule of glucose ($$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6) is $$classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature; unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature.

Question 7

Which property of water allows it to move upward through the vessels of a plant against gravity?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion and adhesion due to hydrogen bonding

Question 8

During the Miller-Urey experiment, which of the following was demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

Simple organic molecules could be synthesized abiotically under early Earth conditions.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a dehydration (condensation) reaction in the synthesis of biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins monomers to form polymers by removing water.

Question 10

A patient is found to have a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following best describes this condition?

Accepted Answer

The blood is acidic, and the patient is likely to be in acidosis.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice create a lattice that makes it less dense than liquid water.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide and its biological function?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; energy storage in animals

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 15

A molecule with the formula $$\mathrm{C}_{18}\mathrm{H}_{36}\mathrm{O}_2 is $$most likely which type of biological molecule?

Accepted Answer

A fatty acid

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why carbon is able to form such a wide variety of molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a functional group and its property?

Accepted Answer

Amino group $$\left( -\mathrm{NH}_2 \right)$$; acts as a base

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of chaperone proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

They help proteins fold correctly after synthesis.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why DNA is considered a reliable molecule for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

DNA's double helix structure and complementary base pairing allow for accurate replication.

General Biology: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, and Biological Macromolecules

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