Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of pH?

$$\text{pH} = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an emergent property in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A property that arises from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system.

Question 2

Which statement correctly distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the five unifying themes of biology?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 4

A scientist observes that mice with darker fur survive better on dark soil than those with lighter fur. Which scientific process is best illustrated by this observation?

Accepted Answer

Forming and testing a hypothesis

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of pH?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 6

Which property of water is most responsible for its ability to moderate Earth's temperature?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice are more 'ordered,' making ice less dense than liquid water.

Question 8

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 9

A buffer solution contains a weak acid and its corresponding base. What is the main function of a buffer in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

To minimize changes in pH when acids or bases are added.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning in science?

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning uses general premises to make specific predictions, while inductive reasoning draws general conclusions from specific observations.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

They are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example of a weak chemical interaction important in biology?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of system biology?

Accepted Answer

It analyzes the interactions among the parts of a biological system.

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of water's high specific heat for living organisms?

Accepted Answer

It minimizes temperature fluctuations to within limits that permit life.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

It is the number of protons in the nucleus.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about evolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

Evolution is the process of change that has transformed life on Earth.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a hypothesis that can be tested scientifically?

Accepted Answer

If a flashlight does not work, then replacing the batteries will make it work.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between structure and function in biology?

Accepted Answer

The shape of a molecule determines its biological interactions and response to stimuli.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct formula for the photosynthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

General Biology: Foundations, Chemistry of Life, and Properties of Water

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