Question 1

Which of the following best describes the law of segregation in Mendelian genetics?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete receives only one allele of each gene from a parent.

Question 2

A woman who is heterozygous for a recessive X-linked disorder has children with a man who does not carry the allele. What is the probability that their son will inherit the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 4

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white flowers produces pink flowers.

Question 6

During transcription, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 7

Which of the following mutations is most likely to result in a nonfunctional protein?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 8

A man with blood type AB and a woman with blood type O have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the physical appearance.

Question 10

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals ($$AaBb 	imes AaBb$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring if the genes assort independently?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the 5' cap added to eukaryotic mRNA during processing?

Accepted Answer

It increases mRNA stability and assists in ribosome binding.

Question 12

A mutation changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA (stop). What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

It occurs during prophase I and increases genetic variation.

Question 15

Which of the following is a reason for RNA splicing in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

To increase protein diversity by allowing alternative splicing.

Question 16

A genetic carrier for a recessive disease is:

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous, carrying one dominant and one recessive allele

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a polygenic trait?

Accepted Answer

A trait controlled by multiple genes, each contributing to the phenotype

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes have an extra or missing chromosome

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the antiparallel nature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', and the other runs 3' to 5'

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why environmental effects can complicate the study of complex traits?

Accepted Answer

Environmental effects can mask or modify genetic effects, making it difficult to determine the genetic contribution to a trait.

General Biology: Genetics, DNA, and Inheritance – Study Guide and Practice Questions

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