Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration (condensation) reaction in the synthesis of macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins monomers together by removing a water molecule.

Question 2

During cellular respiration, glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) is converted into carbon dioxide and water. Which chemical equation correctly represents this process?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 4

A patient is found to have a deficiency in phospholipids. Which cellular structure would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 5

Which statement best explains why unsaturated fatty acids are typically liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrocarbon chains contain double bonds, causing kinks that prevent tight packing.

Question 6

Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 7

A dehydration reaction between two glucose molecules forms which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain membrane fluidity by preventing tight packing of phospholipids.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Both are composed of glucose monomers joined by $\alpha$-glycosidic linkages.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of waxes in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing waterproof barriers

Question 11

A mutation causes a protein to lose its tertiary structure but retain its primary and secondary structures. Which property is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

The overall three-dimensional shape and function

Question 12

Which of the following statements about polysaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

They serve as energy storage and structural materials in cells.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the chain.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Forming the bilayer structure of cell membranes

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the four major types of organic macromolecules found in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of steroids in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They serve as important signaling molecules and components of cell membranes.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between amino acids and proteins?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are polymers made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why carbohydrates are considered high-energy molecules?

Accepted Answer

They contain many carbon-hydrogen bonds that can be oxidized to release energy.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of starch into glucose during digestion.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of glycoproteins in cell identity?

Accepted Answer

They display carbohydrate chains on the cell surface that function as identification tags.

General Biology I: Biological Macromolecules – Structure, Function, and Types

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