Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things as discussed in class?

Accepted Answer

Ability to undergo mitosis

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between an isotope and an ion?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons; ions have different numbers of electrons

Question 3

A sodium atom ($\mathrm{Na}$) has an atomic number of 11. How many electrons are present in a neutral sodium atom, and how many electron shells does it have?

Accepted Answer

11 electrons, 3 shells

Question 4

Which type of chemical bond is formed when two atoms share electrons equally?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 5

Water has a high heat of vaporization. Which property of water molecules is primarily responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules

Question 6

Which equation correctly relates thermal energy to temperature for a given mass of water?

Accepted Answer

$Q = m c \Delta T$

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It has a high concentration of $\mathrm{H^+}$ ions

Question 8

Which of the following is the most common backbone structure found in organic molecules discussed in lecture?

Accepted Answer

Carbon backbone

Question 9

Why is carbon so versatile in forming biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

It can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between monomers and polymers in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are small molecules that can be joined to form polymers

Question 11

Cellulose and starch are both polysaccharides. What is the main structural difference between them?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose has $\beta$-glycosidic linkages; starch has $\alpha$-glycosidic linkages

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

It contains a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 13

During DNA replication, which base pairs with adenine ($A$) in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Thymine ($T$)

Question 14

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and recycling of cellular waste

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the cell membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is composed mainly of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solutions have lower solute concentration than the cell; hypertonic have higher; isotonic are equal

Question 18

Which equation correctly describes the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{pH} = -\log_{10}[\mathrm{H^+}]$

Question 19

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of which type of membrane transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why energy input is required for the sodium-potassium pump to function?

Accepted Answer

It moves ions against their concentration gradients

General Biology I: Comprehensive Study Guide by Topic

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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