Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 2

A water molecule exhibits which of the following properties due to hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat and cohesion, allowing water to resist temperature changes and stick to itself.

Question 3

Which functional group is responsible for making molecules polar and is found in alcohols?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-OH)$$

Question 4

Which process breaks down polymers by adding water to split bonds?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 5

Which of the following is a unique feature of plant cells not found in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 6

A solution with a pH of 3 is considered:

Accepted Answer

Acidic

Question 7

During passive transport, molecules move:

Accepted Answer

With their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It pumps sodium ions out and potassium ions in against their concentration gradients using ATP.

Question 9

Which stage of mitosis involves chromosomes aligning at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 10

What is the main outcome of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

Accepted Answer

Haploid cells are produced.

Question 11

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 12

During transcription, what is the role of RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about exergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

They release energy and are spontaneous.

Question 14

Which process in cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

Question 15

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a secondary messenger in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

cAMP

Question 17

In the lac operon, what happens when lactose is present?

Accepted Answer

Lactose binds to the repressor, removing it from the operator and allowing transcription.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that is important for life?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolarity

Question 19

Which law of Mendelian genetics states that alleles for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation?

Accepted Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 20

What is the main function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of cellular waste and macromolecules

General Biology I: Comprehensive Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions