Question 1

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A testable, falsifiable explanation for an observation.

Question 2

Which level of biological organization is immediately above 'cell' and below 'organ'?

Accepted Answer

Tissue

Question 3

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 10 years. If you start with 80 grams, how much will remain after 30 years? Use the formula $$N = N_0$ 	imes (\frac{1}{2}$$)^{t/	ext{half-life}$$}.$$

Accepted Answer

10 grams

Question 4

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion

Question 5

Which functional group is found in both amino acids and proteins and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino (-$$NH_2)$$

Question 6

Which statement about lipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 8

During osmosis, water moves toward which type of solution?

Accepted Answer

Higher solute concentration

Question 9

Which process requires energy input and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) in a $$chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 11

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 12

In photosynthesis, what is the source of the oxygen released?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 13

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 14

Which event during meiosis increases genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over in Prophase I

Question 15

A testcross is used to determine the genotype of an organism showing a dominant trait. Which genotype is crossed with the unknown?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous recessive

Question 16

A male with the genotype XY for a sex-linked trait will:

Accepted Answer

Express the trait if he inherits one recessive allele.

Question 17

Which chromosomal disorder is caused by nondisjunction resulting in three copies of chromosome 21?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Question 18

Which enzyme regulation mechanism involves the end product of a pathway inhibiting an earlier step?

Accepted Answer

Feedback inhibition

Question 19

Which molecule donates electrons to the electron transport chain and results in more ATP production compared to FADH$$_2$$?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 20

Which inheritance pattern results in a phenotype that is a blend of two alleles, such as pink flowers from red and white parents?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

General Biology I: Core Concepts and Processes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards