Question 1

Which of the following best describes a hypothesis in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A testable, falsifiable statement that can be supported or refuted by experimentation.

Question 2

Which level of biological organization is immediately above 'cell' and below 'organ'?

Accepted Answer

Tissue

Question 3

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 10 years. If you start with 80 grams, how much will remain after 30 years?

Accepted Answer

$$10$$ grams

Question 4

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion

Question 5

Which functional group is found in both amino acids and proteins and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino ($$-NH_2$)

Question 6

Which statement about lipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 8

During osmosis, water moves toward which type of solution?

Accepted Answer

Higher solute concentration

Question 9

Which process requires energy input and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the change in free energy ($$\Delta G) in a $$chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 11

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 12

In photosynthesis, what is the source of oxygen released during the light reactions?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 13

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 14

Which event during meiosis increases genetic variation in offspring?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during Prophase I

Question 15

A testcross is used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype by crossing it with:

Accepted Answer

A homozygous recessive individual

Question 16

Which inheritance pattern results in a phenotype that is a blend of two alleles, such as pink flowers from red and white parents?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 17

A male inherits an X-linked recessive disorder. Which genotype must he have?

Accepted Answer

XY, with the recessive allele on the X chromosome

Question 18

Which chromosomal error is responsible for Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21

Question 19

Which regulatory mechanism involves a molecule binding to an enzyme's active site, preventing substrate binding?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibition

Question 20

Which of the following is true about NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

FADH$$_2$$ enters the electron transport chain later than NADH and produces less ATP.

General Biology I: Core Concepts and Processes

Study Guide - Practice Questions