Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of water in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds make it essential for maintaining cell structure and facilitating biochemical reactions.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the dissociation of water and its relationship to pH?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{H_2O} \rightarrow \mathrm{H^+} + \mathrm{OH^-} $$

Question 3

A patient is experiencing acidosis. Which buffer system in the blood helps maintain pH homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The bicarbonate buffer system: $$ \mathrm{CO_2$} + \mathrm{H_2O} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H_2CO_3} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H^+} + \mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^-} $$

Question 4

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins (enzymes)

Question 5

A mutation causes a change in the primary structure of a protein. Which level of protein structure is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, causing them to arrange into bilayers with heads facing water and tails facing inward.

Question 7

During cellular respiration, which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$ \mathrm{O_2$} )$$

Question 8

Which process directly produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink (crenate).

Question 10

Which equation represents the overall reaction of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$ 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\mathrm{O_2$} $$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptides (proteins).

Question 12

A genetic disorder results in the inability to break down lactose. Which enzyme is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 13

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication is semiconservative, meaning each new DNA molecule contains one old and one new strand.

Question 14

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 15

A patient has a genetic mutation that affects the function of mitochondria. Which cellular process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

ATP production via aerobic respiration

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 18

Which equation represents the net ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 36\mathrm{ATP} $$

Question 19

A child inherits a genetic disorder that is only expressed when two copies of the mutant allele are present. What type of inheritance is this?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

General Biology I: Course Syllabus and Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards