Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence and has stood the test of time through repeated testing and validation.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name for the domestic cat?

Accepted Answer

$$Felis catus$$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a property of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous generation

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates deductive reasoning in biology?

Accepted Answer

Predicting that if all mammals have hair, and whales are mammals, then whales have hair.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence of biological organization from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community

Question 6

Which domain contains organisms with cell walls made of peptidoglycan?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 7

A scientist observes that a jackrabbit regulates its body temperature by increasing blood flow to its ears. Which property of life does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Regulation

Question 8

Given a carbon atom with atomic number 6 and mass number 13, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$13 - 6 = 7$$

Question 9

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four most abundant in living things?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Question 10

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 11

Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds due to which property?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds

Question 12

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+] in $$moles per liter?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 10$$^{-4}$$

Question 13

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a buffer in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A buffer maintains a stable pH by absorbing excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct empirical formula for a hexose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 16

Which two monosaccharides combine to form sucrose?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and fructose

Question 17

Which polysaccharide is used by animals to store excess glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 18

Which level of protein structure is primarily determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 19

Which of the following statements correctly compares DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and stores genetic information; RNA is single-stranded and involved in protein synthesis.

Question 20

Which functional group is present in all nucleic acids and is essential for their structure?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group

General Biology I: Foundational Concepts and Macromolecules

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