Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 2

Which of the following bonds is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 3

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$5$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophilic heads interact with water while their hydrophobic tails avoid water.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct summary of the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Question 6

During cellular respiration, which molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It donates electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 8

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 9

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins by translating mRNA

Question 11

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of chemical reactions.

Question 12

Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codon sequence.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the semi-conservative model of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

It stores energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds that can be used to drive cellular work.

Question 16

Which of the following is a difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion does not require energy, while active transport does.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 18

A woman who is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder and a man who is unaffected have a son. What is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the SRP (signal recognition particle) in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It directs ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum for protein targeting.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP and NADPH to convert $$CO_2$$ into glucose.

General Biology I: Key Concepts and Review Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards