Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A scientific theory is a broad explanation supported by evidence, while a hypothesis is a testable prediction.

Question 2

A researcher wants to test the effect of sunlight on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one exposed to sunlight and one kept in darkness. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The exposure to sunlight

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Ask a question → Form a hypothesis → Make predictions → Test the hypothesis → Analyze data → Draw conclusions

Question 4

Which statement about DNA structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double-stranded molecule with deoxyribose sugar and bases joined by hydrogen bonds.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why mutations in DNA can lead to changes in phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Mutations can alter the sequence of amino acids in proteins, potentially changing their function and resulting in different traits.

Question 6

A cell undergoes mitosis. Which of the following is true about the resulting daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

They are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Question 7

Which process is responsible for producing gametes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 8

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals ($AaBb 	imes AaBb$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$9:3:3:1$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the principle of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different genes segregate independently during gamete formation.

Question 10

A population of 100 individuals has the following genotype frequencies for a gene: 40 $AA$, 40 $Aa$, and 20 $aa$. What is the frequency of the $A$ allele?

Accepted Answer

$0.6$

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world example of a mutation leading to a beneficial trait?

Accepted Answer

A mutation causing sickle cell anemia in regions with high malaria prevalence, providing resistance to malaria.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why crossing over during meiosis increases genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

It results in the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, creating new allele combinations.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 14

A geneticist is studying a population where the genotype frequencies are $0.25$ $AA$, $0.50$ $Aa$, and $0.25$ $aa$. What is the frequency of the $a$ allele?

Accepted Answer

$0.5$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

mRNA provides the template for assembling amino acids into a protein.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype determines the potential for phenotype, but environmental factors can influence the actual phenotype.

Question 17

A couple are both heterozygous for cystic fibrosis ($Ff$). What is the probability that their child will have cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

$0.25$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why population genetics is important in understanding evolution?

Accepted Answer

It studies how allele frequencies change over time, providing insight into evolutionary processes.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct application of a Punnett square in predicting offspring genotypes?

Accepted Answer

It is used to predict the probability of different genotypes and phenotypes in offspring from a genetic cross.

General Biology I: Study Guide for Exam 1 – Key Concepts and Learning Objectives

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards