Question 1

Which of the following best explains why yeast is often used as a model organism in studies of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Yeast cells are eukaryotic, allowing study of processes similar to those in animals.

Question 2

A student measures the rate of CO$$_2$$ production in yeast under different temperatures. Which variable is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The rate of CO$$_2$$ production

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the effect of green light on the rate of photosynthesis in spinach leaves?

Accepted Answer

Green light is reflected, resulting in a lower rate of photosynthesis compared to red or blue light.

Question 4

During an experiment, a student uses paper chromatography to separate pigments from spinach leaves. Which pigment is expected to travel the farthest up the paper and why?

Accepted Answer

Carotene, because it is the most nonpolar pigment

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why starch is only present in the light-exposed areas of a variegated leaf after iodine staining?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis occurs only in green (chlorophyll-containing) areas exposed to light, producing starch.

Question 6

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles.

Question 7

A cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

12

Question 8

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 9

A scientist uses a restriction enzyme to cut a DNA sample. Which property of the enzyme allows it to recognize specific DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

It recognizes and cuts at specific palindromic sequences.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the relationship between homologous structures in vertebrate forelimbs?

Accepted Answer

They have similar structures due to common ancestry, but may have different functions.

Question 11

A student is analyzing the amino acid sequences of hemoglobin in humans and horses. Which type of evidence for evolution is being used?

Accepted Answer

Molecular evidence

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why DNA migrates toward the positive electrode during gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

DNA is negatively charged due to its phosphate backbone.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 14

A mutation occurs in the gene encoding an enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism in yeast. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The yeast may be unable to utilize certain sugars, depending on the enzyme affected.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes; meiosis II separates sister chromatids.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the use of agarose gel in DNA analysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Agarose gel separates DNA fragments based on their size.

Question 17

A student observes that a solution turns yellow when phenol red is added. What does this indicate about the solution's pH?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic (pH \u003c 7).

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the hindlimbs of horses have evolved to have a single large toe?

Accepted Answer

To increase running efficiency on open grasslands.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of restriction enzymes in molecular biology experiments?

Accepted Answer

Cutting DNA at specific sequences to allow for gene cloning.

Question 20

A researcher is comparing the forelimbs of a bat and a whale. Which concept is best illustrated by their similar bone structures but different functions?

Accepted Answer

Homologous structures

General Biology Lab Exam 2 Study Guide: Key Concepts and Applications

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards