Q: A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $[H^+]$ in the solution?

$[H^+] = 1 \times 10^{-4} \text{ M}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a null hypothesis in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

A statement that there is no significant difference or effect between variables being tested.

Question 2

A student is testing the effect of different concentrations of salt on plant growth. Which is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The amount of plant growth measured.

Question 3

Which equation is used to calculate the resolving power (R) of a microscope?

Accepted Answer

$R = \frac{\lambda}{2NA}$

Question 4

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $[H^+]$ in the solution?

Accepted Answer

$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10^{-4} 	ext{ M}$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative data is measured in numbers, while qualitative data is descriptive.

Question 6

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new drug on bacteria. She sets up two groups: one receives the drug, and the other does not. What is the purpose of the group that does not receive the drug?

Accepted Answer

It serves as the negative control.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 8

Given a solution with $[OH^-] = 1 	imes 10^{-8} 	ext{ M}$, what is the pH of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$pH = 6$

Question 9

Which of the following statements correctly compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 10

A student observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. What type of cell is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 11

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.

Question 12

A dialysis bag containing a 10% sucrose solution is placed in a beaker of distilled water. What will happen to the bag over time?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the bag, causing it to swell.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of aquaporins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating the movement of water molecules across the membrane.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis is the process of taking materials into the cell, while exocytosis is the process of expelling materials from the cell.

Question 15

A scientist is designing an experiment to test the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Which of the following is the best example of a positive control?

Accepted Answer

A sample with enzyme and optimal temperature known to produce activity.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis.

Question 17

A solution is described as hypertonic relative to a cell. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis.

Question 19

A buffer solution is added to a solution with a pH of 3. What is the expected effect of the buffer?

Accepted Answer

The buffer will increase the pH, making the solution less acidic.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating total magnification of a microscope?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Total Magnification} = 	ext{Objective Lens} 	imes 	ext{Ocular Lens}$

General Biology Lab Study Guide: Scientific Process, Microscopy, pH, Cells, and Membranes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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